Istanbul

Istanbul is Turkey’s largest city and its cultural, historical, and economic heart. Straddling two continents — Europe and Asia — it’s one of the most iconic cities in the world, with a past that includes the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires.

What it’s known for:

• Historical landmarks:

  • Hagia Sophia: Originally a Byzantine cathedral, later a mosque, then a museum, now a mosque again. A masterpiece of architecture and history.

  • Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque): Known for its blue İznik tiles and six minarets.

  • Topkapi Palace: Former Ottoman sultans’ palace with sprawling courtyards, royal chambers, and relics.

  • Basilica Cistern: An eerie, atmospheric underground water reservoir with ancient columns and Medusa heads.

• Grand Bazaar and Spice Bazaar: Massive, chaotic markets with everything from carpets to gold to spices.

• Bosphorus: The strait dividing Europe and Asia. You can cruise it, ferry across it, or just sit by it and drink tea.

• Modern Istanbul: Neighborhoods like Beyoglu, Galata, Kadikoy, and Nisantasi are full of cafes, art, nightlife, and local life.

• Mosques, churches, synagogues: Reflecting centuries of multicultural history.

• Cuisine: From street food like simit and balik ekmek, to rich Ottoman-style meals and modern fusion dining.

The vibe: Intense, layered, and full of contrast — ancient meets modern, traditional meets trendy, East meets West. It’s crowded and chaotic, but endlessly fascinating.

Best time to visit: April–June or September–October. Summer is hot and packed; winter is cold and gray but less crowded.