The Church of Mary

The Church of Mary: An Early Christian Landmark in Ephesus

Location: Ephesus, Turkey
Known For: The first church in the world dedicated to the Virgin Mary

Historical Significance

The Church of Mary (not to be confused with Mary’s House) holds a special place in Christian history. Built in the early 5th century AD, it was constructed on the site of an older Olympieion (a Greek temple complex) that was abandoned in the 3rd century.

Third Ecumenical Council (431 AD)

The Church of Mary hosted the Third Ecumenical Council, an essential theological debate called by Emperor Theodosius II to discuss the divinity of Jesus Christ and Mary’s role.

At the council:

• Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, argued that Jesus was born human and later became God, making Mary only the “Christ-bearer.”
• Cyrill, Bishop of Alexandria, defended the view that Jesus was born as God, granting Mary the title “Mother of God” (Theotokos).
• The Council ultimately ruled in favor of Cyrill, shaping Christian doctrine for centuries.

Architectural Highlights

• Early Christian Basilica Layout – Originally built in a rectangular shape.
• Baptistry – One of the best-preserved in Asia Minor, where regional baptisms took place.
• Double Church Structure – After an earthquake, the church was divided in two, with part being rededicated to St. John the Evangelist.

Nearby Attractions in Ephesus

• Hercules Gate – A symbolic entrance marking an elite part of the city.
• Library of Celsus – The most iconic monument in Ephesus.
• Agora of Ephesus – The bustling commercial center of ancient Ephesus.

Experience Ephesus & Early Christianity

Join a guided tour to explore the spiritual and historical significance of Ephesus.

• Ephesus Full-Day Tour – Includes the Celsus Library, Temple of Artemis & Church of Mary.
• Ephesus & 7 Churches Tour – A 3 or 5-day pilgrimage exploring early Christian sites.

Step into history and witness the roots of early Christianity in Ephesus!